) differs nothing from operation described above tools groups Rectangle (Rectangle) except that the polygon is always drawn from a central point. Into group Ellipse (Ellipse) (fig. 5.66) enter tool Ellipse (Ellipse) which serves for creation of various ovals and circles. Operation with it differs nothing from tools groups Rectangle (Rectangle).
Group Ellipse (Ellipse) includes three more tools which allow to create other geometrical forms, namely: Polygon (Polygon), Spiral (Spiral) and Star (Star).
Tool Polygon
In this case it is necessary to understand geometrical object as a polygon with the given number of the sides of the identical value allocated equally spaced from center.
Process of creation of a polygon by means of tool Polygon (Polygon) () differs nothing from operation described above tools groups Rectangle (Rectangle) except that the polygon is always drawn from a central point.
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| Rice 5.66. Group Elipsei tool the objects created by them |
By means of cursor control keys in the course of polygon creation it is possible to change an amount of the sides:
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The key [ ] increases their number; |
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The key [ ] reduces their number. |
For rotation of a received polygon it is necessary to move the cursor on an arc in the necessary direction.
If in the course of polygon creation to push a key [Gap] the polygon can be moved.
For creation of a polygon with the given parameters it is necessary to include the tool and to click the mouse button in a point of prospective center. On the screen dialog box Polygon (Polygon) (fig. 5.67) in which parameters of the previous polygon are by default displayed is deduced.
In the field Radius (Radius) it is necessary to enter value of distance from center to an angular point in a range from 0 to 2889,955 mm, and in the field Sides (Number of the sides) — number of the sides of a polygon in a range from 3 to 1000.
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| Rice 5.67. Dialog box Polygon |
Spiral — geometrical object in the form of the continuous curve with certain radius and number of curls.
Process of creation of a spiral by means of tool Spiral (Spiral) (
) differs nothing from operation of tool Polygon (Polygon): the spiral also is always drawn from a central point.
By means of cursor control keys in the course of polygon creation it is possible to change an amount of curls:
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The key [] increases an amount of curls; |
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The key [] reduces an amount of curls. |
For rotation of a received spiral it is necessary to move the cursor on an arc in the necessary direction.
If in the course of spiral creation to push a key [Gap] the spiral can be moved.
For creation of a spiral with the given parameters it is necessary to include the tool and to click the mouse button in a point of prospective center. On the screen dialog box Spiral (Spiral) (fig. 5.68) in which parameters of the previous spiral are by default displayed is deduced.
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In the field Radius (Radius) it is necessary to enter distance from center of a spiral to its extreme point in a range from 0 to 2889,955 mm. |
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In the field Dcay (Growth) it is necessary to enter value of reduction or magnification (on what value the subsequent curl less or more previous) in a range from 5 to 150 %. |
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Field Segments (Number of segments) is intended for determination of an amount of segments of a spiral in a range from 2 to 1000 of calculation that the full curl of a spiral consists of four segments. |
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Switch Style (Direction) defines a spiral direction (according to a picture): counter-clockwise or clockwise. |
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| Rice 5.68. Dialog box Spiral |
The star represents a variant of a polygon with the given amount of rays and two radiuses — exterior and internal.
Process of creation of a star by means of tool Star (Star) (
) is identical to operation of tool Polygon (Polygon): the star also is always drawn from a central point.
By means of cursor control keys in the course of polygon creation it is possible to change an amount of rays:
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The key [] increases an amount of rays; |
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The key [] reduces an amount of rays. |
For rotation of a received star it is necessary to move the cursor on an arc in the necessary direction.
If in the course of star creation to push a key [Gap] that a star it is possible to move.
At key keeping [Ctrl] the internal radius of a star remains invariable, and at key keeping [Alt] — the sides incorporate at right angle.
For creation of a star with the given parameters it is necessary to include the tool and to click the mouse button in a point of prospective center. On the screen dialog box Star (Star) (fig. 5.69) in which parameters of the previous star are by default displayed is deduced.
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Field Points (Number of rays) serves for determination of an amount of rays of a star in a range from 3 to 1000. |
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In the field Radius 1 (the Radius 1) is entered distance from center to the nearest point (internal radius), and in the field Radius 2 (Radius 2) — distance from center to a distant point (exterior radius) in ranges from About to 2889,955 mm. |
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| Rice 5.69. Dialog box Star |
In the operation the designer can use absolutely different initial material. In particular, often enough it is necessary to be content with images which are put on a paper by a pen, a paintbrush, are printed and etc.
For example, the logo which is required for the further operation, is available only on rather shabby form, therefore to use it in the scanned type inconveniently, especially if it is necessary to increase, subject this image strongly to the considerable transformations, for example, to allocate at an angle.
As other example usage of the pencil sketch as a basis for the graphic sheet created in the vectorial program can serve.
Unique reasonable variant in this situation is converting pointwise (beforehand scanned) images in vectorial. Such procedure widely is used and called trace (tracing).
There are some types of trace of images.
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The automatic trace executable by means of the program of adobe Illustrator (this function with a different level of possibilities is presented in all known vectorial editors). |
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Manual trace (обводка), executable by tools of groups Pen (Pen), Pencil (Pencil) or Paintbrush (Paintbrush). |
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The automatic trace executable by specialized programs, for example, by the program of adobe Streamline (or CorelTRACE). The information on the program of adobe Streamline 4.0 look in application 2 given books, and about program CorelTRACE — in the book "CorelDRAW9.0 in the original" ("BHV-Peterburg", 1999). |
The choice of a variant of trace depends on complexity of the source image demanded quality, presence of appropriate programs and many other factors.
Autotrace
In Adobe Illustrator program tool Autotracc (Autotrace) (
) (fig. 5.70) which automatically converts the certain pointwise form in a vectorial circuit is offered.
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Nota Bene. It is necessary to mean that this tool is intended for trace of simple forms which then still it is necessary to correct, using tools groups Pen (Pen). In many cases manual trace even is more preferable. |
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| Rice 5.70. Tool Autotracev to a palette of tools |
For autotrace performance it is necessary to include the tool and to allocate the cursor within the traced form (the cursor should defend from boundaries of this area not less, than on 6 пикселов). The tracer will "bypass" the form allocated more to the right from the cursor (fig. 5.71).
To fulfill trace of a part of the form, it is necessary to "drag" the cursor of the tool from starting point to a trace ending point. The maximum accuracy (within two пикселов) in this case is required.
In bit cards of an outline of forms can contain various violations, for example, gaps, ruptures and so forth That the circuit in such places was not interrupted, it is necessary to adjust accuracy of trace. In this case the small errors getting to a range of the tolerance, will not be considered by the tracer.
Autotrace parameters are set in section Type and Aufo Tracing (the Font and autotrace) dialog box Preferences (Setting) which is caused by command Preferences (Setting) of menu Edit (Editing) (fig. 5.72).
In group Aeto Trace Options (Parameters автотрасрировки) it is necessary to install following parameters.
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In noneAvto Trace Tolerance (the autotrace Tolerance) — value of the tolerance in дипазоне from 0 to 10 пикселов. |
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In the field Tracing Gap (Accuracy of trace) — value of accuracy of trace which can change in a range from 0 to 2 пикселов. |
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| Rice 5.71. Autotrace of the form allocated more to the right of the cursor |
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| Rice 5.72. Section Type and Auto Tracing dialog box Preferences |
The essence of manual trace consists in drawing over the point image of vectorial circuits by all available means Adobe Illustrator programs, for example, tools of groups of Turnips (Pen), Pencil (Pencil), Paintbrush (Paintbrush) and others.
The traced image is necessary pom/estit on a special sample layer (Template) which "is by default slightly dipped" (dimmed) and is fixed (locked), and to start to обводке (fig. 5.73). The information on operation with layers look in chapter 10.
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| Rice 5.73. Process of manual trace (обводки), allocated on a sample layer (Template) |